The working principle and main parameters of LED lights
LED lighting is currently the most cutting-edge lighting technology. Almost everyone is familiar with the many benefits that LED lamps offer, especially the fact that they are more energy efficient and last longer than traditional lamps. However, most people don't know much about the technology behind LED lighting. In this article, we will look at the basics of LED lighting technology in order to understand how LED lights work and help you understand and choose LED lighting.
1. What are LEDs and how do they work?
The first step in understanding LED lighting technology is to understand what LEDs are. LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. These diodes are semiconducting in nature, which means they can conduct current. When an electrical current is applied to a light-emitting diode, the result is the release of light energy in the form of photons (light energy). Since LED devices use semiconductor diodes to generate light, they are called solid-state light devices. Other solid-state lamps include organic light-emitting diodes and polymer light-emitting diodes, which also use semiconductor diodes.
2. LED light color and color temperature
Most LED light fixtures are white. White light is divided into different categories based on how warm or cool each fixture is (hence the color temperature). These color temperature classifications include:
Warm light: 27003000k
Neutral light: 30004000k
Pure white light: 40005000k
Positive white light: 50006000k
Cool white light: 70007500k
The low color temperature of LED lights is warm light, and the color produced by LEDs is yellow, similar to incandescent lights. As the color temperature increases, the appearance of the light becomes whiter until it reaches a daytime white, which is similar to natural light (daytime light from the sun). As the color temperature continues to increase, the beam begins to take on a blue tint.
However, one thing you should note about LEDs is that they do not produce white light. Diodes have three primary colors: red, green, and blue. The white color found in most LED devices is achieved by mixing these three primary colors. Basically, color mixing in LEDs involves the combination of different wavelengths of light from two or more diodes. Thus, through color mixing, any of the seven colors found in the visible light spectrum (the rainbow colors) can be achieved, and when they are all combined, a white color is produced.
3. LED and Energy Efficiency
An important aspect of LED lighting technology is its energy efficiency. As mentioned, almost everyone knows that LEDs are energy efficient. However, many people don't realize how energy efficiency comes about. What makes LEDs more energy efficient than other lighting technologies is that LEDs convert most of the input power (60 percent ) into light energy. On top of that, LEDs emit very little (invisible) infrared radiation, which is achieved by mixing the color wavelengths of the diodes in each fixture so that only white wavelengths are reached.
A typical incandescent lamp, on the other hand, converts only a small fraction (about 5 percent ) of its energy consumption into light, and the rest is wasted by heat (about 14 percent ) and infrared radiation (about 85 percent ). Therefore, in conventional lighting technology, a large amount of electrical energy is required to produce sufficient brightness, while LEDs require much less energy to produce similar or more brightness.
4, the luminous flux of LED lamps
If you've bought incandescent or fluorescent bulbs before, you're familiar with wattage (W). Appliance power consumption has long been the accepted way to measure light produced by fixtures. However, this has changed since the introduction of LED devices. The light produced by an LED is measured in luminous flux, which is defined as the luminous flux emitted by the light source in all directions. Luminous flux is measured in lumens.
The reason for converting brightness from watts (W) to lumen is because LEDs are low power devices. Therefore, it makes more sense to use luminous output instead of power output to determine brightness. In addition to this, different LED devices have different lighting effects (the ability to convert electrical current into light output). Therefore, fixtures that consume the same power may have very different light output.
5. Light-emitting diodes and heat
A common misconception about LED fixtures is that they don't generate heat -- because they're cool to the touch. However, it is not. As mentioned above, a small fraction of the power input into the LED is converted into heat energy.
The reason LED units are cool to touch is that the small fraction of energy converted into heat isn't that much. On top of that, there are heat sinks on the LED unit that dissipate heat, thereby preventing the LEDs and the LED unit's circuitry from overheating.
6, the life of LED lamps
Besides energy saving, LED lamps are also known for their energy saving. Some LED fixtures can last 50,000 to 70,000 hours, which is about 5 times longer (or even longer) than some incandescent and fluorescent fixtures. So, what makes LED lights last longer than other types of lights?
One reason is that LED lights are solid-state lights, whereas incandescent and fluorescent lamps use electronic filaments, plasma, or gas to emit light. Electric filaments can easily burn out after a short period of thermal degradation, while glass enclosures in plasma or gas can be easily damaged by shock, vibration, or falling. Therefore, these lamps are not durable, and even if they live long enough, they have a much shorter lifespan than LEDs.
One thing to note about LEDs and longevity is that they don't burn out like fluorescent or incandescent bulbs do (unless the diode overheats). Instead, the luminous flux of LED fixtures gradually decreases over time until it reaches 70 percent of the initial luminous output.
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